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Category Archives: tools

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nafu-bor

Posted on June 24, 2026 by Hana Videen

nafu-bor, n: an auger. (NA-vuh-BOR / ˈna-vʌ-ˌbɔr)

Medieval manuscript illustration of a man using an auger to bore into the right eye of a bishop who calmly raises his right hand, crozier in his left.
The torture of Leodegarius of Autun in Cuerden Psalter; England (Oxford), c. 1270; Morgan Library & Museum, MS M.756, f. 10r. [ica.themorgan.org]

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pundar

Posted on April 29, 2026 by Hana Videen

pundar, n.n: a plumb-line. (PUN-dar / ˈpʌn-dar)

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blæc-horn

Posted on November 25, 2025 by Hana Videen

blæc-horn, m.n: ink-horn. (BLACK-HORN / ˈblæk-ˌhɔrn)

Medieval manuscript image of a haloed man sitting on a cushioned bench with feet on a footstool, with right hand dipping a pen into an ink-horn and with the left holding a book open on a lectern; a winged ox floats above holding a scroll.
Evangelist Luke at the beginning of the Gospel of Luke; N Germany (Magdeburg?), c. 1100; Morgan Library & Museum, MS M.889, f. 184v. [ica.themorgan.org]
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lǣce-īren

Posted on November 18, 2025 by Hana Videen

lǣce-īren, n.n: lancet, physician’s knife. (LATCH-uh-EE-ren / ˈlæː-tʃə-ˌiː-rɛn)

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hamer

Posted on July 11, 2025 by Hana Videen

hamer, m.n: hammer. (HA-mer / ˈha-mɛr)

Medieval manuscript image of a woman sitting on a bench, raising a hammer with her right hand, holding with her left hand an arm on the anvil; a fire burns in an architectural niche.
Roman de la Rose, Nature at her Forge; France (Paris), c. 1350; Morgan Library & Museum, MS M.324, f. 106v. [ica.themorgan.org]

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egeþe

Posted on April 19, 2025 by Hana Videen

egeþe, f.n: harrow, rake. (EH-yeh-thuh / ˈɛ-jɛ-θə)

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searu-pīl

Posted on February 10, 2025 by Hana Videen

searu-pīl, m.n: implement with a point. (SEH-ah-ruh-PEEL / ˈsɛa-rʌ-ˌpiːl)

A pointed bone needle, a very rusty two-pronged metal tool, and a bone implement with points on either end.
Bone needle, iron shears and bone threadpicker; England (Cambridgeshire), early medieval; excavated by MOLA Headland. [molaheadland.com]
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bȳtla

Posted on December 13, 2024 by Hana Videen

bȳtla, m.n: a hammerer, builder. (BUET-la / ˈbyːt-la)

Medieval manuscript image of people building a tower, including a person hammering and others fitting blocks into place; God and angels look on from the heavens.
Giuard des Moulin’s Grande Bible Historial; French, 14th century; National Library of the Netherlands. [durhamworldheritagesite.com]
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hlæder

Posted on September 10, 2024 by Hana Videen

hlæder, f.n: ladder, flight of steps. (HLADD-er / ˈhlæ-dɛr)

A man climbing a ladder in the margin of a medieval manuscript written in French.
Livre de leschiele Mahomet; England, early 14th century; Bodleian Library, MS. Laud Misc. 537, f. 1r. [digital.bodleian.ox.ac.uk]
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geoc

Posted on August 12, 2024 by Hana Videen

geoc, n.n: a yoke; a yoke of oxen. (YEH-ock / ˈjɛɔk)

Medieval manuscript image of two pairs of oxen in yokes.
Luttrell Psalter; N England (Lincolnshire), 1325-40; British Library, Add MS 42130, f. 170r. [bl.uk]

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