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Category Archives: tools

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adesa

Posted on October 17, 2026 by Hana Videen

adesa, m.n: adze. (AH-deh-za / ˈa-dɛ-za)

In a margin of a medieval manuscript, a hybrid man, his lower half resembling that of a cat, raises an adze behind his back with both hands, looking toward an overturned pitcher before him.
Book of Hours; France (Paris), c. 1420-1425; Morgan Library & Museum, MS M.1004, f. 173r. [ica.themorgan.org]

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æcse

Posted on September 29, 2026 by Hana Videen

æcse, f.n: an axe. (ACK-suh / ˈæk-sə)

A medieval manuscript page with the letter C inhabited by a bird, a bear and two hunters, one of whom is shooting a with a bow, the other wielding an axe.
Augustinus; France (Saint-Amand-les-Eaux), first quarter of 12th century; Bibliothèque nationale de France, Département des manuscrits, Latin 2012, f. 1v. [gallica.bnf.fr]
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hors-camb

Posted on September 18, 2026 by Hana Videen

hors-camb, m.n: horse-comb, instrument for combing the hair of horses, curry-comb. (HORS-KAHMB / ˈhɔrs-ˌkamb)

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bill

Posted on September 6, 2026 by Hana Videen

bill, n.n: sword; pruning hook or blade, implement for cutting wood; hoe, mattock, digging implement. (BILL / ˈbɪl)

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hīg-sīþe

Posted on July 1, 2026 by Hana Videen

hīg-sīþe, m.n: a hay-scythe. (HEE-SEE-thuh / ˈhiː-ˌsiː-θə)

Medieval manuscript illustration of a man wearing a hat mowing grass with a scythe.
July calendar page; Belgium (Liège), c. 1250; Morgan Library & Museum, MS M.908.3, f. 1v. [ica.themorgan.org]
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nafu-bor

Posted on June 24, 2026 by Hana Videen

nafu-bor, n: an auger. (NA-vuh-BOR / ˈna-vʌ-ˌbɔr)

Medieval manuscript illustration of a man using an auger to bore into the right eye of a bishop who calmly raises his right hand, crozier in his left.
The torture of Leodegarius of Autun in Cuerden Psalter; England (Oxford), c. 1270; Morgan Library & Museum, MS M.756, f. 10r. [ica.themorgan.org]

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pundar

Posted on April 29, 2026 by Hana Videen

pundar, n.n: a plumb-line. (PUN-dar / ˈpʌn-dar)

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blæc-horn

Posted on November 25, 2025 by Hana Videen

blæc-horn, m.n: ink-horn. (BLACK-HORN / ˈblæk-ˌhɔrn)

Medieval manuscript image of a haloed man sitting on a cushioned bench with feet on a footstool, with right hand dipping a pen into an ink-horn and with the left holding a book open on a lectern; a winged ox floats above holding a scroll.
Evangelist Luke at the beginning of the Gospel of Luke; N Germany (Magdeburg?), c. 1100; Morgan Library & Museum, MS M.889, f. 184v. [ica.themorgan.org]
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lǣce-īren

Posted on November 18, 2025 by Hana Videen

lǣce-īren, n.n: lancet, physician’s knife. (LATCH-uh-EE-ren / ˈlæː-tʃə-ˌiː-rɛn)

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hamer

Posted on July 11, 2025 by Hana Videen

hamer, m.n: hammer. (HA-mer / ˈha-mɛr)

Medieval manuscript image of a woman sitting on a bench, raising a hammer with her right hand, holding with her left hand an arm on the anvil; a fire burns in an architectural niche.
Roman de la Rose, Nature at her Forge; France (Paris), c. 1350; Morgan Library & Museum, MS M.324, f. 106v. [ica.themorgan.org]

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